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Free PDF Nursing - Valid AANP-FNP - Online AANP Family Nurse Practitioner (AANP-FNP) Tests

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Quiz AANP-FNP - AANP Family Nurse Practitioner (AANP-FNP) Accurate Online Tests

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Nursing AANP Family Nurse Practitioner (AANP-FNP) Sample Questions (Q19-Q24):

NEW QUESTION # 19
A disease characterized by high fever, truncal and perineal area rash, and dry cracked lips with a strawberry tongue is known as:

A. Scarlet Fever
B. Fifth disease
C. Kawasaki disease
D. Varicella

Answer: C

Explanation:
Kawasaki disease, correctly identified in the question, is a multisystem inflammatory condition that predominantly affects children under the age of five. The hallmark features of this disease include a persistent high fever lasting more than five days, a rash in the truncal and perineal areas, and mucosal inflammation, which manifests as dry, cracked lips and a strawberry-colored tongue. These symptoms are critical for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, particularly in the absence of other more common childhood illnesses that present with similar symptoms.
Additional clinical signs of Kawasaki disease include erythema of the palms and soles followed by peeling, swollen lymph nodes, typically a single, large, cervical node, and non-purulent conjunctivitis. These symptoms help differentiate Kawasaki disease from other diseases with somewhat similar presentations. The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unknown, but it is considered an autoimmune disorder triggered by an infectious agent in genetically predisposed individuals.
Scarlet Fever, another disease option mentioned, is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. While it also features fever and a rash, the rash of Scarlet Fever typically starts as small red bumps on the neck and groin before spreading to the body, and is often accompanied by a sore throat and a characteristic "sandpaper" texture of the skin. Strawberry tongue can also occur in Scarlet Fever, but the presence of a sore throat, the nature of the rash, and the absence of conjunctivitis are distinguishing features from Kawasaki disease.
Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, presents with a vesicular rash that progresses through stages (papule, vesicle, crust) and is generally more widespread and itchy, which is not characteristic of Kawasaki disease. Finally, Fifth disease, caused by Parvovirus B19, is notable for causing a "slapped cheek" appearance on the face and a lacy rash on the body, which are not features of Kawasaki disease.
Understanding these distinguishing features is crucial in clinical practice to ensure accurate diagnosis and management. Kawasaki disease, in particular, requires prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin to reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms, a serious complication of the disease. Thus, differentiating it from other childhood rashes and infections using the specific clinical criteria is imperative for effective treatment and prevention of complications.

NEW QUESTION # 20
As part of the diagnosis of your 70-year-old patient's diagnosis, you explain that he has skin thickening that looks very similar to callus formation.. Which term do you use to define this thickening of the skin?

A. Fissure.
B. Excoriation.
C. Lichenification.
D. Scale.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The correct term to describe the skin thickening that resembles callus formation in your 70-year-old patient is "lichenification." This term specifically refers to the thickening of the skin that occurs due to repeated irritation and scratching, leading to a leathery texture which is quite similar to calluses that typically develop on hands and feet due to friction and pressure.
To differentiate from other skin conditions, here are brief explanations of the terms listed: - **Excoriation:** This refers to skin marks or wounds caused by scratching or scraping. These are typically superficial and involve the removal of part of the skin surface, often resulting from intense itching or psychological conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. - **Fissure:** This term describes a thin, linear crack in the skin that can extend into the dermis. Fissures are often seen in areas of dry or inflamed skin, such as on the heels, and can be painful. - **Scale:** Scales are flakes or patches of dead skin that appear on the surface of the skin, often seen in conditions with excessive skin cell turnover such as psoriasis. Scales can be dry and flaky or thick and oily, depending on the underlying condition.
Understanding these terms not only aids in accurate diagnosis but also enhances communication with patients and other healthcare providers, ensuring that the patient receives appropriate and targeted treatment for their specific skin condition.

NEW QUESTION # 21
You have a patient with chronic asthm
a. At each follow-up visit with your patient you would determine which of the following?

A. WBC count
B. PEFR
C. diet
D. sleep patterns

Answer: B

Explanation:
For a patient with chronic asthma, regular follow-up visits are crucial for monitoring the patient's condition and managing the asthma effectively. Among the assessments that could be conducted during these visits, measuring the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is notably significant. Here's why PEFR is the correct answer and why other options like diet, WBC count, or sleep patterns, though important in general health, are less critical in routine asthma follow-up assessments.
**PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate):** PEFR is a measure of how quickly a person can expel air from their lungs after a maximal inhalation, using a device called a peak flow meter. This measurement is particularly important in the management of asthma as it provides a quantitative assessment of the patient's lung function. Regular monitoring of PEFR can help in detecting early signs of worsening asthma control, even before symptoms become more severe. Changes in PEFR readings can indicate the need for adjustments in medication or other interventions. Consequently, assessing PEFR is a standard procedure in follow-up visits for asthma patients.
**Diet:** While diet is an essential aspect of overall health and can impact conditions like asthma (certain food allergies or sensitivities may trigger asthma symptoms), it is not routinely assessed in every follow-up visit unless specific dietary-related asthma triggers have been previously identified. The primary focus of asthma management is monitoring airway function and managing environmental and physical triggers.
**WBC Count:** A white blood cell (WBC) count is a measure of the immune cells in the blood and can indicate the presence of infection or inflammation. While systemic inflammation can be associated with asthma, routine WBC counts are not standard in asthma follow-up unless there is a specific clinical indication, such as suspicion of an infection which might exacerbate the asthma symptoms.
**Sleep Patterns:** Poor sleep quality can affect asthma control, as symptoms like coughing and difficulty breathing can worsen at night. However, like diet, sleep patterns are generally discussed in the context of assessing control and triggers rather than as a routine quantitative measure like PEFR. Sleep issues may be explored during patient discussions, especially if the patient reports symptoms like nocturnal asthma, but they are not typically a primary focus of follow-up visits unless there is a specific concern.
In summary, during follow-up visits for a patient with chronic asthma, determining the PEFR is essential for directly assessing and managing the patient's respiratory function. While factors like diet, WBC count, and sleep patterns can influence asthma, they do not provide direct information about airway function and are not standard metrics for routine asthma management. Therefore, PEFR remains the most relevant and practical measure to assess at each follow-up visit.

NEW QUESTION # 22
Your assessment of a patient reveals a speech disturbance in which the patient is unable to comprehend spoken words and phrases. This is known as which of the following?

A. Broca's aphasia
B. nonfluent aphasia
C. global aphasia
D. fluent aphasia

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct answer to the assessment of a patient who reveals a speech disturbance characterized by an inability to comprehend spoken words and phrases is fluent aphasia, specifically linked to an issue in Wernicke's area of the brain. This condition is also known as Wernicke's aphasia.
Wernicke's aphasia arises from damage to the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus in the brain, which is crucial for language comprehension. Patients with this type of aphasia typically produce speech that is fluent-grammatically correct with normal rate and intonation-but it often lacks meaning or is filled with nonsensical words and phrases. This is because while their ability to produce speech remains intact, their language comprehension abilities are impaired.
Additionally, individuals with Wernicke's aphasia may demonstrate difficulty in repeating phrases or naming objects, which is a reflection of their inability to process language correctly. Despite producing fluent speech, they often do not understand spoken language directed at them and are unaware of their own errors in speech.
It is important to differentiate this from other types of aphasia such as Broca's aphasia, where patients typically have broken speech but retain better comprehension, or global aphasia where both production and understanding of language are severely affected. In clinical assessments, recognizing these differences aids in pinpointing the specific areas of brain damage and tailoring appropriate therapy and interventions for the patient.

NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following characteristics is not typical of melanoma?

A. uneven texture
B. irregular borders
C. mixed colors
D. pink-to-red targetlike lesions

Answer: D

Explanation:
The characteristic "pink-to-red targetlike lesions" is not typical of melanoma. Melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer, generally presents with specific features known as the ABCDEs: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6mm, and Evolving nature of the mole.
Typically, melanomas are characterized by dark-colored moles that may appear black, brown, or even multicolored. These moles often have an uneven texture and irregular borders, which may blur into the surrounding skin or appear ragged. The color of a melanoma can include different shades of brown or black, and sometimes red, white, or blue tones can be seen within the lesion.
In contrast, pink-to-red targetlike lesions, which are more indicative of conditions like erythema multiforme or Lyme disease, do not align with the typical presentation of melanoma. These lesions generally show a distinct pattern that resembles a target, with multiple rings of varying colors typically centering on a darker spot. Such characteristics differ significantly from the irregular, mixed-color presentation of melanoma.
Understanding these distinctions is crucial for early detection and proper treatment of melanoma, differentiating it from other skin conditions that might have less severe implications. Therefore, recognizing that pink-to-red targetlike lesions are not typical of melanoma can help in avoiding misdiagnosis and ensuring appropriate medical attention for potentially malignant changes in the skin.

NEW QUESTION # 24
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